Skeletal System

The skeletal system protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; and it also stores minerals.
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments.
The axial skeleton consists of :

• skull
• sternum
• ribs
• vetebral column
• (the sacrum and coccyx)

The appendicular skeleton consists of:

• upper extremities
• lower extremities
• shoulder girdle
• pelvic girdle

The skull is the body's most complex bony structure.

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html

Trivia:

(Answers at bottom of page)

1. An average of 2.6 million ______ ______ ______ are produced each second by the bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the liver.
2. ______ is typically where bones meet one another.
3. There are _______ crainial bones.

Muscular System

The organ system consisting of the skeletal muscles of the body and their connective tissue attachments.

The arrangement of the body's muscles allows them to either work together or in opposition to achieve a wide variety of movements.

There are over 600 muscles of the body.

Smooth and cardiac muscles are "involuntary".

Skeletal muscles are "voluntary".

Eye muscles are the ones that work the hardest.

http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Muscular_page.L.html

Questions:

(Answers at bottom of page)

1. What is the largest muscle of the body?
2. _________ muscles are attached to bone.
3. Name the 3 different muscle types.

Nervous System

The Nervous System is the fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal as well as external changes by activating the appropriate muscles and glands.

Every thought, action, and emotion reflects the nervous systems activity.

The Nervous System can be divided into 2 parts. The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, which is in the dorsal body cavity. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord.

Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the spinal cord. The cranial nerves carry impulses to and from the brain.

Neurons (nerve cells) ae the structural unit of the nervous system.

Link to Nervous System website:

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html

Integumentary System

Skin and its derivatives make up the Integumentary system. It provides the external protective covering of the body.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system

Trivia:

(Answers at bottom of page)

1. Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidem, and stratum corneum make up the dermis or epidermis layer of the skin?
2. Name 1 function of the skin?
3. Which layer of the Epidermis is only found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?
4. Name the 2 layers of the Dermis?

Endocrine System

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

The Endocrine gland includes the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus glands.

http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/endocrine.html

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/article_em.htm

Questions:

(Answers at bottom of page)

1. 
   
   ____________ are chemical messengers created by the body.


2. 
   
   Name 2 major glands of the Endocrine system.

Cardiovascular System

This is the organ system that distributes the blood to deliver nutrients and remove wastes. Blood vessels transport blood , which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps the blood.

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/cardio1/intro.html

Respiratory System

Organ that carries out gas exchange;

includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs.

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pulmonary.html

True/False:

(Answers at bottom)

1. Actual gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
2. The trachea is NOT a part of the Respiratory system.